Glory Be to Jesus Christ!
🌞
Since in the works published at the following links:
https://churchandsociety.org.ua/pdf/projects/zbirnyk.pdf
https://oleksandr-zhabenko.github.io/en/commentaries/17082024.html
https://oleksandr-zhabenko.github.io/en/commentaries/27112024.html
it is written that the use of prepositions is important for the correct understanding of important and actual issues, in particular the issue of power, I am writing commentaries on the use of these prepositions. As a piece of advice on how to read the text, you can read the verse in translation and/or in the original (if you have the opportunity), and then the commentary on prepositions here. Next, you need to understand which part of the verse the commentary refers to, and consider what it affirms — or less often, denies — that is essential to understanding. This thoughtful reading helps to deepen understanding and protects against the mistakes mentioned above.
As Lent approaches, the readings from the New Testament are replaced by readings from the Old Testament to encourage people to repentance.
Since I am commenting on several Ancient Greek (koine) prepositions, I will continue to comment on the Old Testament readings by considering the first complete translation into Ancient Greek, the Septuagint.
At the 6th hour:
Joel II, 12 — ‘ἐξ ὅλης τῆς καρδίας’ - ‘ex holes tes kadrias’ - ‘out of the whole heart’. The preposition ‘ek’ in its form before the following vowel indicates that it must be sincere. See more at the following links:
https://oleksandr-zhabenko.github.io/en/commentaries/05022025.html
https://oleksandr-zhabenko.github.io/en/commentaries/10112024.html
‘ἐν νηστείᾳ καὶ ἐν κλαυθμῷ καὶ ἐν κοπετῷ’ — ‘en nesteia kai en klauthmo kai en kopeto’ - ‘in fasting, in weeping and in mourning; with fasting, weeping and mourning’. Both translations are possible.
Joel II, 15 — ‘ἐν Σιών’ - ‘en Sion’ - ‘in Zion’. The meaning is ‘in Zion’.
Joel II, 16 — ‘ἐκ τοῦ κοιτῶνος’ - ‘ek tou koitonos’ - ‘from the bedroom; from the resting room’. ‘ἐκ τοῦ παστοῦ’ - ‘ek tou pastou’ - ‘from the bride's room; from the chamber’. In both cases, the preposition ‘ek’ indicates where one comes out from.
Joel II, 17, 19 — ‘εἰς ὄνειδος’ - ‘eis oneidos’ - ‘for abuse; for shame; for disgrace’. That is, ‘where to’ or ‘for what’. ‘ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσι(ν)’ - ‘en tois ethnesi(n)’ - ’in the nations; in the Gentiles’. Both translations are possible and complement each other.
Joel II, 20 — ‘ἀπὸ βορρᾶ’ - ‘apo borra’ - ‘from the north’. ‘ἀφ’ ὑμῶν' - aph hymon
- from you
. The preposition ‘apo’ indicates the land left by the ‘one from the north’ and then that the Lord will completely deliver from him. ‘εἰς γῆν ἄνυδρον’ - ‘eis gen anydron’ - ‘into a land without water’. ‘εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν τὴν πρώτην’ - ‘eis ten thalassan ten proten’ - ‘to the first sea’. That is, ‘to where‘ the Lord will send him. ‘εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν τὴν ἐσχάτην’ - ‘eis ten thalassan ten eskhaten’ - ‘to the last sea’. Similar to the previous one.
Joel II, 23 — ‘τὰ βρώματα εἰς δικαιοσύνην’ - ‘ta bromata eis dikaiosynen’ - ‘the food for righteousness’. The preposition ‘eis’ indicates the purpose of the action. Food does not make a person righteous, but here it is emphasised that the Lord will feed His faithful so that they will lack nothing and be righteous.
Joel II, 25 — ‘ἐξαπέστειλα εἰς ὑμᾶς’ - ‘exapesteila eis hymas’ - ‘sent to (onto) you’. The preposition ‘eis’ indicates the direction of movement.
Joel II, 26 — ‘εἰς θαυμάσια’ - ‘eis thaumasia’ - ‘for miracles; for wonderful works’. That is, to show them and reveal them to His faithful. ‘εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα’ - ‘eis ton aiona’ - ‘for ever’. A common expression.
For more on the reading, please refer to the following:
https://oleksandr-zhabenko.github.io/en/commentaries/13032024.html
At vespers:
In the Greek translation the Septuagint, according to the modern numbering, this is chapter IV.
Joel III, 12 — ‘εἰς τὴν κοιλάδα Ιωσαφατ’ - ‘eis ten koilada Iosaphat’ - ‘into the valley of Jehoshaphat’.
Joel III, 14 — ‘ἐν τῇ κοιλάδι τῆς δίκης’ - ‘en te koiladi tes dikes’ - ‘in the valley of judgement; in the valley of trial; in the valley of justice’.
Joel III, 16 — ‘ἐκ Σιων ἀνακεκράξεται’ - ‘ek Sion anakekraxetai’ - ‘from Zion will He call out'. ‘ἐξ Ιερουσαλημ δώσει φωνὴν’ - ‘ex Ierousalem dosei phonen’ - ‘from Jerusalem He will give a voice’. The preposition ‘ek’ indicates where the Lord's action comes from.
Joel III, 17 — ‘ὁ κατασκηνῶν ἐν Σιων ἐν ὄρει ἁγίῳ μου’ - ‘ho kataskenon en Sion en orei hagio mou’ - ‘’I Who live in Zion, on My holy mountain‘’.
Joel III, 18 — ‘ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ’ - ‘en te hemera ekeine’ - ‘in that day; on that day’. ‘ἐξ οἴκου κυρίου’ - ‘ex oikou kyriou’ - ‘from the house of the Lord’. The preposition ‘ek’ in its form before the following vowel indicates where the source will come out from, also the origin.
Joel III, 19 — ‘Αἴγυπτος εἰς ἀφανισμὸν ἔσται’ - ‘Aigyptos eis aphanismon estai’ - ‘Egypt will become into a wasteland’. That is, it will become a wasteland. ‘εἰς πεδίον ἀφανισμοῦ’ - ‘eis pedion aphanismou’ - ‘into the steppe of wasteland’. That is, to the wasteland in the steppe. ‘ἐξ ἀδικιῶν υἱῶν Ιουδα’ - ‘ex adikion hyion Iouda’ - ‘of injustice to the sons of Judah’. That is, as a punishment for sins, injustice. ‘ἐν τῇ γῇ’ - ‘en te ge’ - ‘in the land’.
Joel III, 20 — ‘εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα’ - ‘eis ton aiona’ - ‘forever and ever’. A common expression. ‘εἰς γενεὰς γενεῶν’ - ‘eis geneas geneon’ - ‘from generation to generation; for generations of generations’.
Joel III, 21 — ‘ἐν Σιων’ - ‘en Sion’ - ‘in Zion’.
For more on the reading, please refer to the following:
https://oleksandr-zhabenko.github.io/en/commentaries/13032024.html
Glory be to Thee, our God, glory be to Thee!